How about Chinese Infiltration: Subtle Sometimes?
January 19, 2022
I read “MI5 Warning about Influence Efforts of British Chinese Lawyer Marks Changed Tone.” Poor Brexit tangled Britain. France24, an outfit intimately familiar with hundreds of types of fromage, reported:
In a warning sent to all British parliamentarians, MI5 accused [Christine] Lee, 58, of acting covertly and in coordination with the United Front Work Department of the Chinese Communist Party, one of Beijing’s overseas propaganda organs, by facilitating financial donations to political parties, parliamentarians and those seeking political office in the UK. The rare alert “reflects the fact that the security services are pretty worried about what China is doing in this country, both in terms of traditional espionage, which this isn’t, but also in terms of modern forms of interference and influence,” Charles Parton, a fellow at the Royal United Services Institute think tank, told the Financial Times. MI5 says that Lee, a long-time resident of London, is suspected of attempting to buy the favor of prominent parliamentarians, both on the right and the left of the political spectrum.
Are the allegations true? Who knows? They do indicate that the stiff upper lip crowd is becoming more sensitive to the cracks and fissures foreign entities can use to influence certain aspects of British behavior. I wonder if Brexit was an example of foreign acupuncture? France24 is likely to provide more reports about British security “issues.”
Stephen E Arnold, January 19, 2022
A New Spin on Tech Recruitment
January 7, 2022
“Knock Knock! Who’s There? – An NSA VM” is an interesting essay for three reasons.
First, it contains a revealing statement about the NSO Group:
Significant time has passed and everyone went crazy last week with the beautiful NSO exploit VM published by Project Zero, so why not ride the wave and present a simple NSA BPF VM. It is still an interesting work and you have to admire the great engineering that goes behind this code. It’s not everyday that you can take a peek at code developed by a well funded state actor.
I noticed that the write up specifically identifies the NSO Group as a “state actor.” I think this means that NSO Group was working for a country, not the customers. This point is one that has not poked through the numerous write ups about the Israel-based company.
Second, the write up walks through a method associated with the National Security Agency. In terms of technical usefulness, one could debate whether the write up contains old news or new news. The information does make it clear that there are ideas for silent penetration of targeted systems. The targets are not specific mobile phones. It appears that the targets of the methods referenced and the sample code provided are systems higher in the food chain.
Third, the write up is actually a recruitment tool. This is not novel, but it is probably going to lead to more “look how smart and clever we are, come join us” blandishments in the near future. My hunch is that some individual, eager to up their games, will emulate the approach.
Is this method of sharing information a positive or negative? That depends on whom one asks, doesn’t it?
Stephen E Arnold, January 7, 2022
TikTok: Innocuous? Maybe Not Among Friends
January 5, 2022
Short videos. No big deal.
The data about one’s friends are a big deal. A really big deal. TikTok may be activating a network effect. “TikTok Tests Its Own Version of the Retweet with a New Repost Button” suggests that a Twitter function is chugging along. What if the “friend” is not a registered user of TikTok? Perhaps the Repost function is a way to expand a user’s social network. What can one do with such data? Building out a social graph and cross correlating those data with other information might be a high value exercise. What other uses can be made of these data a year or two down the road? That’s an interesting question to consider, particularly from the point of view of Chinese intelligence professionals.
“China Harvests Masses of Data on Western Targets, Documents Show” explains that China acquires data for strategic and tactical reasons. The write up doses not identify specific specialized software products, services, and tools. Furthermore, the price tags for surveillance expenditures seem modest. Nevertheless, there is a suggestive passage in the write up:
Highly sensitive viral trends online are reported to a 24-hour hotline maintained by the Cybersecurity administration of China (CAC), the body that oversees the country’s censorship apparatus…
What’s interesting is that China uses both software and human-intermediated systems.
Net net: Pundits and users have zero clue about China’s data collection activities in general. When it comes to specific apps and their functions on devices, users have effectively zero knowledge of the outflow of personal data which can be used to generate a profile for possible coercion. Pooh pooh-ing TikTok? Not a great idea.
Stephen E Arnold, January 5, 2022
Microsoft Security? Just Super Duper
December 31, 2021
I installed software on one of my test machines. Windows’ Defender tool told me I had malware. Not true. To see what would happen, I clicked the offered Defender button and Windows killed a program from a developer doing business as Chris-PC. Helpful? You bet.
I mention this because I think I am the only person in Harrod’s Creek who believes that the Windows 11 release was a way to distract people from Microsoft’s security challenges. I like words like “challenges” and “misstep” because “dumpster fire” is too colorful and “disaster” has been overused.
What’s up with Microsoft security challenges as we creep toward what will be a banner year for some actors? How about these two news stories?
First, we have “Microsoft Teams Bug Allowing Phishing Unpatched Since March.” The main idea is that nine months have bustled by. Teams users could fall victim to some missteps in Microsoft Teams. The write up states:
German IT security consultancy firm Positive Security’s co-founder Fabian Bräunlein discovered four vulnerabilities leading to Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF), URL preview spoofing, IP address leak (Android), and denial of service (DoS) dubbed Message of Death (Android). Bräunlein reported the four flaws to the Microsoft Security Response Center (MSRC), which investigates vulnerability reports concerning Microsoft products and services. “The vulnerabilities allow accessing internal Microsoft services, spoofing the link preview, and, for Android users, leaking their IP address and DoS’ing their Teams app/channels,” the researcher said. Out of the four vulnerabilities, Microsoft addressed only the one that attackers could use to gain access to targets’ IP addresses if they use Android devices.
Second, we have “Stealthy BLISTER Malware Slips in Unnoticed on Windows Systems.” I learned:
… Blister, acts as a loader for other malware and appears to be a novel threat that enjoys a low detection rate. The threat actor behind Blister has been relying on multiple techniques to keep their attacks under the radar, the use of code-signing certificates being only one of their tricks.
Nope, let’s block Windows 11 users from installing another browser. Let’s kill Chis-PC software. The path forward is to enter 2022 with the ghost of SolarWinds laughing and the ghosts of Christmas yet to come licking their lips in glee.
Stephen E Arnold, December 31, 2021
Log4Shell: Tough to Hide This Fire
December 28, 2021
Billy Joel is absolutely right when he sang the acclaimed song “We Didn’t Start The Fire” about the world’s slow demise. Unlike the planet, the Internet is regularly set ablaze and the demise is quick. The current flame is “Log4Shell” and it gives bad actors back doors into clouds and enterprise systems to steal data, download malware, erase information, and cause mayhem. AP News explores the breach in: “‘The Internet’s On Fire’ As Techs Race To Fix Software Flaw.”
The bug dubbed “Log4Shell” originated in open source Apache software used to run Web sites and other Web services. While open source software is a boon to the world, it is not updated as quickly as proprietary software. Amazon, for example, updates itself daily while systems running Apache only update at their owners’ behest.
Funny enough the “Log4Shell” vulnerability was first noticed in a children’s game:
“The first obvious signs of the flaw’s exploitation appeared in Minecraft, an online game hugely popular with kids and owned by Microsoft. Meyers and security expert Marcus Hutchins said Minecraft users were already using it to execute programs on the computers of other users by pasting a short message in a chat box.Microsoft said it had issued a software update for Minecraft users. ‘Customers who apply the fix are protected, it said.”
Cyber security is not child’s play, but hacking is for some bad actors. Thankfully developers are working on a patch to prevent further damage. Security professionals really should not panicking and combine their knowledge to find a solution quicker.
A couple of points:
- The issue allegedly was disclosed by an Alibaba tech professional, possibly Chen Zhaojun
- China suspender an apparently “big” cyber security deal with Alibaba after the disclosure
Are these two actions connected; specifically, did China lose control of a really nifty zero day? Beyond Search thinks that the career trajectory of some Alibaba professionals will be interesting to watch. Are there IT jobs in Ürümqi?
Whitney Grace, December 28, 2021
Whitney Grace, December 27, 2021
DarkCyber for December 28, 2021, Now Available
December 28, 2021
This is the 26th program in the third series of DarkCyber video news programs produced by Stephen E Arnold and Beyond Search. You can view the ad-free show at this url. This program includes news of changes to the DarkCyber video series. Starting in January 2022, Dark Cyber will focus on smart software and its impact on intelware and policeware. In addition, Dark Cyber will appear once each month and expand to a 15 to 20 minute format.
What will we do with the production time? We begin a new video series called “OSINT Radar.” OSINT is an acronym for open source intelligence. In a December 2021 presentation to cyber investigators, the idea surfaced of a 60 second profile of a high value OSINT site. We have developed this idea and will publish what we hope will be a weekly video “infodeck” in video form of an OSINT resource currently in use by law enforcement and intelligence professionals. Watch Beyond Search for the details of how to view these short, made-for-mobile video infodecks. Now when you swipe left, you will learn how to perform free reverse phone number look ups, obtain a list of a social media user’s friends, and other helpful data collection actions from completely open source data pools.
Also, in this DarkCyber program are: [a] the blame for government agencies and specialized software vendors using Facebook to crank out false identities. Hint: It’s not the vendors’ fault. [b] why 2022 will be a banner year for bad actors. No, it’s not just passwords, insiders, and corner-cutting software developers. There is a bigger problem. [c] Microsoft has its very own Death Star. Does Microsoft know that the original Death Star was a fiction and it did not survive an attack by the rebels?, and [d] a smart drone with kinetic weapons causes the UN to have a meeting and decide to have another meeting.
Kenny Toth, December 28, 2021
Log Exploits, Pegasus Methods, and Willful Ignorance
December 21, 2021
Which of the “our hair is on fire” articles should I reference. There’s the “worse security issue ever” approach of the Security Now podcast. The Google released an analysis of NSO Group’s Pegasus methods. There’s the happy discovery story and community centric notification by an engineer working at a Chinese company. There’s Canada’s turning off quite a few essential government Web sites. And more. Lots more.
My take is that these post SolarWinds’ missteps are going to come faster and more furiously with or without Microsoft’s magical 1,000 engineers beavering away in lovely Moscow.
Why?
Three reasons, and I know these will not be particularly popular among the thumbtypers, the funders of venture backed cyber security firms, and the open source community. Hey, life is tough.
1. Good Enough
In order to reduce costs and move faster, good enough is the key business practice to have emerged in the last decade. Systems are assembled via chunks of code, APIs, and scripts conjured from online sources. As a result, there are obviously some egregious issues. The SolarWinds’ misstep is one example. The hair on fire over Java is another. We have a ring side seat to the Kendara start up which was sold to @Home which may have been AT&T, Java was exciting indeed. Now Java is different? Sorry. It’s good enough. Why not do “better”? It takes effort, money, and time. Foosball and making designer coffee are more important for some.
2. Open Source and the Community
Yeah, the appeal of free software, no proprietary software license agreements, and the ability to make changes which — ha ha ha — which coulda woulda shoulda been shared with the community are powerful rocket engines for open source applications. Now everything from Elasticsearch to the latest mobile device is like a clueless elderly person negotiating with a New York real estate wizard. You know who is going to win, right? The community is often a front for a commercial interest, a way for a developer to get a job, or a clever programmer to drive business to a consulting side gig. Who knows who will cobble together enough open source to solve one of the persistent problems with computing. The issue is that the “community” is not homogeneous and the fruit cake of code is neither subjected to testing for security issues or reworked to make it just more wonderful. Without an incentive, open source is almost as juicy a bad actor opportunity as that wonderful Microsoft Exchange “solution.”
3. Kick the Can Down the Road
In my more than 50 year work career, the most frequent answer to a persistent problem has been to find something expedient to ameliorate a problem. Then kick the can down the road for subsequent managers, programmers, and summer interns to solve. Whether the issue is the security of home smart devices or hidden vulnerabilities of a $200,000 per year piece of smart software infused with Snorkel goodness, just focus on the short term. Those larger issues? Hey, what are those? Just walk away from the dead whales on the beach. Technology and tomorrows will solve the less visible, longer term problems.
Net Net
What’s the fix for the hair on fire crowd? Oh, upgrade to the more secure version. License a smart system like Antigena. Introduce a new cyber threat information service. See how easy it is to operate in a digital world in which the vast majority of people are thrilled with the computing status quo. Life will be more secure and even better in the metaverse too.
Stephen E Arnold, December 20, 2021
Google and Its Penchant for Bold Assertions
December 17, 2021
Google claimed quantum supremacy. Recently Google’s engineers studied the technology of the NSO Group and according to “A Deep Dive into an NSO Zero-Click iMessage Exploit: Remote Code Execution” found the “most technically sophisticated exploit ever seen.” The analysis is thorough and reflects considerable enthusiasm for disentangling some of the inner workings of Apple’s mobile operating system. I can almost hear the chuckles of the Google engineers as they figured out how the NSO Group compromised iPhones simply by sending the unlucky target a message packet.
Several observations:
- The NSO Group talks with other entities (people from university, a military unit, colleagues at limited attendance conference, etc.). Consequently information about methods seeps into the intelware community. This community is not quite like the Yacht Club in Manhattan, but it is similar: Traditions, friendships, bon homie, and the like.
- Intelware developers associated with other countries often gain access to specialized tools and services via connections with a nation state which is a customer of an specialized services firm, say, for argument’s sake, the NSO Group. It is probable that other entities have examined and replicated some of the NSO Group’s systems and methods. The fact that Google figured out the system and methods of this particular NSO Group service means that other groups can too. (It is possible that some at Google believe that their work is singular and not replicable. Yeah, high school science club thinking, perhaps?)
- Due to the connection between high value targets and the cachet of the Apple iPhone, figuring out how to penetrate an iPhone is a high value activity. Apple’s engineers are bright and were in their high school science clubs as well. However, engineers do not design to prevent unforeseeable flaws in their engineering innovations. This means that iPhones have flaws. When a device is the focus of attention of numerous nation states’ intelligence services, commercial enterprises in the zero day business, and companies with staff trained by military intelligence organizations — flaws will be found. My Arnold Rule for this situation is that insights will be discovered of which the original developer had no clue.
Kudos to Google for the NSO Group information. However, like quantum supremacy, the statements about the sophistication of the exploit are a bit like the claim for quantum supremacy. There are other entities in the Intel world which have capabilities which will surprise the “experts” just now discovering the world of intelware. Nice paper, very academic, but it reveals a disconnect between the world of the commercial researcher and the robust, broad intelware ecosystem.
Stephen E Arnold, December 17, 2021
How Are Those Cyber Security Strategies Working, Java Fans?
December 16, 2021
As hackers’ methods evolve, so do efforts to thwart them. The SmartData Collective describes “3 Strategies Employed by the Leading Enterprise Cybersecurity Platforms.” We wonder whether the FBI implemented these methods. If so, we think the recent hack of that agency’s systems raises some questions. That case aside, writer Matt James’ reports:
“Stephanie Benoit-Kurtz, Lead Area Faculty Chair for the University of Phoenix’s Cybersecurity Programs, offers a good summary of the changes security organizations should anticipate, especially in the time of the pandemic. ‘The threat landscape over the past 18 months has significantly changed in complexity and frequency of attacks. Long gone are the days when a lone wolf attacker was manually knocking at the door.’ To get acquainted with the ways security firms are handling the new breed of threats in cyberspace, here’s a rundown of the notable strategies the leading cybersecurity platforms and security firms are offering.”
First up is breach and attack simulation, or BAS. As the name implies, this cybersecurity platform feature tests systems for potential weaknesses. Next we learn about continuous automated red teaming (CART). Red teaming is the labor-intensive practice of having a group of white-hat hackers test one’s system for vulnerabilities. It has gotten difficult for mere humans to keep up, though, so automating the process was the logical next step. Finally, there is advanced purple teaming. This color-blending method relies on collaboration between test-attackers (red) and defense teams (blue). This seems so obvious we wonder why it was not being done all along, but apparently departmental silos are resistant to common sense. See the write-up for details on each of these approaches. James concludes:
“Many of the world’s top cybersecurity platforms and security solution providers have already embraced breach and attack simulation, continuous automated red teaming, and advanced purple teaming. These strategies in securing organizations may be relatively new, but cybersecurity professionals can vouch for their effectiveness in view of the new kinds of problems presented by cunning malicious actors in cyberspace.”
This may be true, but these measures will only work if companies, and agencies, actually put them in place. Organizations that drag their feet on security are taking a real risk. Yep, open source Java tools. No problem, right?
Cynthia Murrell, December 16, 2021
Specialized Software Vendors: Should They Remember the Domino Theory?
December 15, 2021
Lining up dominoes, knocking one down, and watching the others in a line react to what some non-nuclear types call a chain reaction is YouTube fodder. One can watch geometric growth manifested in knocked down dominoes. Click here for the revelation. We may have some domino action in the specialized software and services market. This “specialized software and services” is my code word for developers of intelware and policeware.
“US Calls for Sanctions against NSO Group and Other Spyware Firms” reports:
a group of politicians (including Senate Finance Committee chair Ron Wyden, House Intelligence Committee chair Adam Schiff and 16 other Democrats) accuses NSO and three other foreign surveillance firms of helping authoritarian governments to commit human rights abuses.
And what firms are the intended focus of this hoped for action? According to the write up, the companies are:
- Amesys (now called Nexa Technologies). This was a company which found purchase in some interesting countries bordering the Mediterranean, garnered some attention, and morphed into today’s organization.)
- DarkMatter (based in United Arab Emirates). This is an interesting outfit which has allegedly recruited in the US and possibly developed a super duper secure mobile device. The idea was to avoid surveillance. Right?
- Trovicor (based in Germany) once was allegedly a unit of Nokia Siemens Networks and is mentioned in a fiery write up called “Explosive Wikileaks Files Reveal Mass Interception of Entire Population.” That’s a grabber headline I suppose. True or false? I have zero idea but it illustrates the enthusiasm some evidence when realizing that interesting companies provide some unique services to their customers.
The reason for the hand waving is the publicity the NSO Group has inadvertently generated.
Will the knock on NSO Group have an impact on Amesys Nexa, DarkMatter, and Trovicor? Those YouTube videos may foreshadow what might happen if government officials look for the more interesting and more technologically advanced specialized software and services companies. Where can one find a list of such organizations? Perhaps the developer of the new OSINT service knows? Curious? Write darkcyber333 @ yandex dot com.
Stephen E Arnold, December 15, 2021
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