What Makes Artificial Intelligence Relevant to Me
July 7, 2016
Artificial intelligence makes headlines every once in awhile when a new super computer beats a pro player at chess, go, or even Jeopardy. It is amazing how these machines replicate human thought processes, but it is more of a novelty than a practical application. The IT Proportal discusses the actual real world benefits of artificial intelligence in, “How Semantic Technology Is Making Sense Of Our Big Data.”
The answer, of course, revolves around big data and how industries are not capable of keeping up with the amount of unstructured data generated by the data surges with more advanced technology. Artificial intelligence processes the data and interprets it into recognizable patterns.
Then the article inserts information about the benefits of natural language processing, how it scours the information, and can extrapolate context based on natural speech patterns. It also goes into how semantic technology picks up the slack when natural language processing does not work. The entire goal is to make unstructured data more structured:
“It is also reasonable to note that the challenge also relates to the structure and output of your data management. The application of semantic technologies within an unstructured data environment can only draw real business value if the output is delivered in a meaningful way for the human tasked with looking at the relationships. It is here that graphical representations add user interface value and presents a cohesive approach to improving the search and understanding of enterprise data.”
The article is an informative fluff piece that sells big data technology and explains the importance of taking charge of data. It has been discussed before.
Whitney Grace, July 7, 2016
Sponsored by ArnoldIT.com, publisher of the CyberOSINT monograph
Watson Weekly: IBM Watson Service for Use in the IBM Cloud: Bluemix Paas, IBM SPSS, Watson Analytics
July 5, 2016
The article on ComputerWorld titled Review: IBM Watson Strikes Again relates the recent expansions of Watson’s cloud service portfolio, who is still most famous for winning on Jeopardy. The article beings by evoking that event from 2011, which actually only reveals a small corner of Watson’s functions. The article mentions that to win Jeopardy, Watson basically only needed to absorb Wikipedia, since 95% of the answers are article titles. New services for use in the IBM Cloud include the Bluemix Paas, IBM SPSS, and Predictive Analytics. Among the Bluemix services is this gem,
“Personality Insights derives insights from transactional and social media data…to identify psychological traits, which it returns as a tree of characteristics in JSON format. Relationship Extraction parses sentences into their components and detects relationships between the components (parts of speech and functions) through contextual analysis. The Personality Insights API is documented for Curl, Node, and Java; the demo for the API analyzes the tweets of Oprah, Lady Gaga, and King James as well as several textual passages.”
Bluemix also consists of AlchemyAPI for ftext and image content reading, Concept Expansion and Concept Insights, which offers text analysis and linking of concepts to Wikipedia topics. The article is less kind to Watson Analytics, a Web app for data analysis with ML, which the article claims “tries too hard” and is too distracting for data scientists.
Chelsea Kerwin, July 5, 2016
Sponsored by ArnoldIT.com, publisher of the CyberOSINT monograph
Wait, the Dark Web Is Legal?
July 5, 2016
For research purposes, I surf the Dark Web on a regular basis. It is like skulking around the back alleys of a major city and witnessing all types of crime, but keeping to yourself. I have seen a few Web sites that could be deemed as legal, but most of the content I peruse is illegal: child pornography, selling prescription drugs, and even a hitman service. I have begun to think that everything on the Dark Web is illegal, except Help Net Security tells me that “Dark Web Mapping Reveals That Half Of The Content Is Legal.”
The Centre for International Governance Innovation (CIGI) conducted global survey and discovered that seven in ten (71%) of the surveyors believe the Dark Web needs to be shut down. There is speculation if the participants eve had the right definition about what the Dark Web is and might have confused the terms “Dark Web” and “Dark Net”.
Darksum, however, mapped the Tor end of the Dark Web and discovered some interesting facts:
- “Of the 29,532 .onion identified during the sampling period – two weeks in February 2016 – only 46% percent could actually be accessed. The rest were likely stort-lived C&C servers used to manage malware, chat clients, or file-sharing applications.
- Of those that have been accessed and analyzed with the companies’ “machine-learning” classification method, less than half (48%) can be classified as illegal under UK and US law. A separate manual classification of 1,000 sites found about 68% of the content to be illegal under those same laws.”
Darksum’s goal is to clear up misconceptions about the Dark Web and to better understand what is actually on the hidden sector of the Internet. The biggest hope is to demonstrate the Dark Web’s benefits.
Whitney Grace, July 5, 2016
Sponsored by ArnoldIT.com, publisher of the CyberOSINT monograph
Google Throws Hat in Ring as Polling Service for Political Campaigns
July 4, 2016
The article on Silicon Angle titled Google is Pitching Its Polling Service at Journos, Politicians…Also, Google Has a Polling Division explores the recent discovery of Google’s pollster ambitions. Compared to other projects Google has undertaken, this desire to join Gallup and Nielsen as a premier polling service seems downright logical. Google is simply taking advantage of its data reach to create Google Consumer Surveys. The article explains,
“Google collects the polling data for the service through pop-up survey boxes before a news article is read, and through a polling application…The data itself, while only representative of people on the internet, is said to be a fair sample nonetheless, as Google selects its sample by calculating the age, location, and demographics of those participating in each poll by using their browsing and search history…the same technology used by Google’s ad services including DoubleClick and AdWords.”
Apparently Google employees have been pitching their services to presidential and congressional campaign staffers, and at least one presidential candidate ran with them. As the article states, the entire project is a “no-brainer,” even with the somewhat uncomfortable idea of politicians gaining access to Google’s massive data trove. Let’s limit this to polling before Google gets any ideas about the census and call it a day.
Chelsea Kerwin, July 4, 2016
Sponsored by ArnoldIT.com, publisher of the CyberOSINT monograph
Enterprise Search Is Stuck in the Past
July 4, 2016
Enterprise search is one of the driving forces behind an enterprise system because the entire purpose of the system is to encourage collaboration and quickly find information. While enterprise search is an essential tool, according to Computer Weekly’s article. “Beyond Keywords: Bringing Initiative To Enterprise Search” the feature is stuck in the past.
Enterprise search is due for an upgrade. The amount of enterprise data has increased, but the underlying information management system remains the same. Structured data is easy to make comply with the standard information management system, however, it is the unstructured data that holds the most valuable information. Unstructured information is hard to categorize, but natural language processing is being used to add context. Ontotext combined natural language processing with a graph database, allowing the content indexing to make more nuanced decisions.
We need to level up the basic keyword searching to something more in-depth:
“Search for most organisations is limited: enterprises are forced to play ‘keyword bingo’, rephrasing their question multiple times until they land on what gets them to their answer. The technologies we’ve been exploring can alleviate this problem by not stopping at capturing the keywords, but by capturing the meaning behind the keywords, labeling the keywords into different categories, entities or types, and linking them together and inferring new relationships.”
In other words, enterprise search needs the addition of semantic search in order to add context to the keywords. A basic keyword search returns every result that matches the keyword phrase, but a context-driven search actually adds intuition behind the keyword phrases. This is really not anything new when it comes to enterprise or any kind of search. Semantic search is context-driven search.
Whitney Grace, July 4, 2016
Sponsored by ArnoldIT.com, publisher of the CyberOSINT monograph
Chatbot Tay Calls into Question Intelligence of Software
June 30, 2016
Chatbots are providing something alright. These days it’s more like entertainment. Venture Beat shared an article highlighting the latest, Microsoft’s Tay chatbot comes back online, says it’s ‘smoking kush’ in front of the police. Tay, the machine-learning bot, was designed to “be” a teenage girl. Microsoft’s goal with it was to engage followers of a young demographic while simultaneously learning how to engage them. The article explains,
“Well, uh, Microsoft’s Tay chatbot, which got turned off a few days ago after behaving badly, has suddenly returned to Twitter and has started tweeting to users like mad. Most of its musings are innocuous, but there is one funny one I’ve come across so far. “i’m smoking kush infront the police,” it wrote in brackets. Kush is slang for marijuana, a drug that can result in a fine for possession in the state of Washington, where Microsoft has its headquarters. But this is one of hundreds of tweets that the artificial intelligence-powered bot has sent out in the past few minutes.”
Poised by some sources as next-generation search, or a search replacement, chatbots appear to need a bit of optimization, to put it lightly. This issue occurred when the chatbot should have still been offline undergoing testing, according to Microsoft. But when it was only offline because of learning bullying and hate speech from trolls who seized on the nature of its artificial intelligence programming. Despite the fact it is considered AI, is this smart software? There is a little important something called emotional intelligence.
Megan Feil, June 30, 2016
Sponsored by ArnoldIT.com, publisher of the CyberOSINT monograph
More Variables Than Technology for Enterprise Security to Consider
June 29, 2016
For all the effort enterprises go to in securing data through technological solutions, there are also other variables to consider: employees. Business Insider released an article, 1 in 5 employees are willing to hand over their work passwords for money, that shares survey research from SailPoint. 20 percent of 1,000 respondents, from organizations with over 1,000 employees, would be willing to sell their work passwords. US employees win the “most likely” award with 27 percent followed by Netherlands with 20 percent, and then UK and France at 16 percent. The article tells us,
“Some employees were willing to sell their passwords for as little as $55 (£38) but most people wanted considerably more, with $82,000 (£56,000) being the global average amount required,according to figures cited by Quartz that weren’t in the report. Unauthorised access to a company’s internal systems could provide a treasure trove of valuable data for criminals. They may be targeting individual user accounts, or they could be after intellectual property, or corporate strategy data.”
Undoubtedly, search and/or cybertheft is easier with a password. While the survey reports findings that may be alarming to organizations, we are left with the question, ‘why’. It may be easy to say morality is the dividing line, but I think this article wrestling with the morality question is on the right track pointing to considering sociological implications, for example, employee engagement and satisfaction cannot be discounted as factors in a decision to sell a password.
Megan Feil, June 29, 2016
Sponsored by ArnoldIT.com, publisher of the CyberOSINT monograph
Dark Web Hacking Site Changes Hands
June 29, 2016
Navigating the Dark Web can be a hassle, because many of the Web sites are shut down before you have the chance to learn what nefarious content, services, or goods are available. Some of these sites go down on their own, but law enforcement had a part in dismantling them as well. Some Dark Web sites are too big and encrypted to be taken down and sometimes they exchange hands, such as Silk Road and now Hell. Motherboard explains that “Dark Web Hacking Forum ‘Hell’ Appears To Have New Owners.”
The Real Deal, a computer exploit market, claimed to take ownership of Hell, the hacking forum known for spreading large data dumps and stolen data. Real Deal said of their acquisition:
“ ‘We will be removing the invite-only system for at least a week, and leave the “vetting” forum for new users,’ one of The Real Deal admins, who also used the handle The Real Deal, told Motherboard in an encrypted chat. ‘It’s always nice to have a professional community that meets our market’s original niche, hopefully it will bring some more talent both to the market and to the forums,’ the admin continued. ‘And it’s no secret that we as admins would enjoy the benefit of ‘first dibs’ on buying fresh data, resources, tools, etc.’”
The only part of Hell that has new administrators is the forum due to the old head had personal reasons that required more attention. Hell is one of the “steadier” Dark Web sites and it played a role in the Adult FriendFinder hack, was the trading place for Mate1 passwords, and hosted breaches from a car breathalyzer maker.
Standard news for the Dark Web, until the next shutdown and relaunch.
Whitney Grace, June 29, 2016
Sponsored by ArnoldIT.com, publisher of the CyberOSINT monograph
CloudFlare Claims Most Activity from Tor Is Malicious
June 28, 2016
Different sources suggest varying levels of malicious activity on Tor. Tech Insider shared an article responding to recent claims about Tor made by CloudFlare. The article, entitled, Google Search has a secret feature that shouts animal noises at you, offers information about CloudFlare’s perspective and that of the Tor Project. CloudFlare reports most requests from Tor, 94 percent, are “malicious” and the Tor Project has responded by requesting evidence to justify the claim. Those involved in the Tor Project have a hunch the 94 percent figure stems from CloudFlare attributing the label of “malicious” to any IP address that has ever sent spam. The article continues,
“We’re interested in hearing CloudFlare’s explanation of how they arrived at the 94% figure and why they choose to block so much legitimate Tor traffic. While we wait to hear from CloudFlare, here’s what we know: 1) CloudFlare uses an IP reputation system to assign scores to IP addresses that generate malicious traffic. In their blog post, they mentioned obtaining data from Project Honey Pot, in addition to their own systems. Project Honey Pot has an IP reputation system that causes IP addresses to be labeled as “malicious” if they ever send spam to a select set of diagnostic machines that are not normally in use. CloudFlare has not described the nature of the IP reputation systems they use in any detail.”
This article raises some interesting points, but also alludes to more universal problems with making sense of any information published online. An epistemology about technology, and many areas of study, is like chasing a moving target. Knowledge about technology is complicated by the relationship between technology and information dissemination. The important questions are what does one know about Tor and how does one know about it?
Megan Feil, June 28, 2016
Sponsored by ArnoldIT.com, publisher of the CyberOSINT monograph
Is the NSA Is Overwhelmed with Data?
June 28, 2016
US citizens are worried about their civil liberties being compromised by the National Security Agency. ZDNet reports they might not need to be worried anymore in the article, “NSA Is So Overwhelmed With Data, It’s No Longer Effective, Says Whistleblower.”
William Binney is a former official from the National Security Agency (NSA) with thirty years under his belt. Binney has been a civilian for fifteen years, but he is abhorred with the NSA. He said the NSA is so engorged with data that it has lost its effectiveness and important intelligence is lost in the mess. This is how the terrorists win. Binney also shared that an NSA official could run a query and be overwhelmed with so much data they would not know where to start.
” ‘That’s why they couldn’t stop the Boston bombing, or the Paris shootings, because the data was all there,’ said Binney. Because the agency isn’t carefully and methodically setting its tools up for smart data collection, that leaves analysts to search for a needle in a haystack. ‘The data was all there… the NSA is great at going back over it forensically for years to see what they were doing before that,’ he said. ‘But that doesn’t stop it.’”
The problems are worse across the other law enforcement agencies, including the FBI, CIA, and DEA. Binney left the NSA one month after 9/11 and reported that the NSA uses an intrusive and expensive data collection system. The mantra is “to collect it all”, but it is proving ineffective and expensive. According to Binney, it is also taking away half the Constitution.
Binney’s statements remind me of the old Pokémon games. The catchphrase for the franchise is “gotta catch ‘em all” and it was easy with 150 Pokémon along with a few cheat codes. The games have expanded to over seven hundred monsters to catch, plus the cheat codes have been dismantled making it so overwhelming that the game requires endless hours just to level up one character. The new games are an ineffective way to play, because it takes so long and there is just too much to do. The NSA is suffering from too many Pokémon in the form of data.
Whitney Grace, June 28, 2016
Sponsored by ArnoldIT.com, publisher of the CyberOSINT monograph
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